① Mark Spitznagel, founder of “Black Swan Fund” Universa, warns that AI prosperity may continue, but a large-scale collapse is imminent; ② He believes that the delayed effects of aggressive interest rate hikes in 2022-2023 have not fully manifested, and the economy will collapse due to high borrowing costs.

On September 8, 2026, Mark Spitznagel, founder of Black Swan Fund Universa, warned that the prosperity of artificial intelligence might not be sustainable. He pointed out that the delayed effects of the aggressive interest rate hikes between 2022 and 2023 had not yet fully manifested, and the economy was expected to face the risk of collapse due to high borrowing costs.